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We all need REM sleep to feel our best. When you’ve had those magical 6-8 hours and the sleep is quality, it’s like hitting the refresh button on life and seeing everything with new eyes; you’re ready to crush your goals and conquer your day! Unfortunately, this isn’t always the case…sometimes we miss out on the sleep we need to function properly. 
If you’re looking for a little help, have no fear, Penguin CBD is here! In the sea of natural remedies that claim to soothe insomnia and improve sleep quality, CBD has been named a winner and we’ve got several varieties for you to choose from! 
<div style="text-align: start;"><img style="float: none; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" alt="CBD Gummybears with Melatonin" src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0247/8479/7778/files/7_600x600.jpg?v=1720350453"></div>
<h3 data-mce-fragment="1">The VIP’s: Sleep and REM</h3>
Sleep is fundamental to our health, playing a crucial role in cognitive function, emotional well-being, and physical health. REM sleep is one of the four stages of the sleep cycle, it’s important for processing emotions and consolidating memories. Insufficient or poor-quality sleep, including disrupted REM sleep, can lead to problems such as increased stress, impaired cognitive function, and heightened risk of chronic diseases.
CBD contains various compounds that have been studied for their effects on sleep. Unlike THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the compound in cannabis that causes psychoactive effects, hemp does not produce a "high" and is legal in many places. The interest in sleep stems from how it interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system, which regulates mood, pain, and sleep cycles.
<div style="text-align: start;"><img style="float: none; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" alt="CBD Gummies" src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0247/8479/7778/files/12_Wide_600x600.jpg?v=1720350710"></div>
<h3 data-mce-fragment="1">Enhancing REM Sleep</h3>
Research on CBD’s impact on REM sleep is fascinating. Some studies suggest that CBD may help regulate REM sleep patterns, potentially making it beneficial for those experiencing REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and for improving overall sleep quality. By stabilizing REM sleep, individuals may experience more restorative sleep, leading to healthier brain function and emotional regulation.
<h3 data-mce-fragment="1">Relax Into It</h3>
One of the most well-known effects of CBD in helping to heal the sleep dilemma is its ability to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety, which can indirectly improve sleep quality. For those struggling with insomnia due to stress or anxiety, CBD may offer relief by calming the nervous system and lowering the physiological and cognitive barriers to sleep. This relaxation effect can make it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep through the night. The more you relax, the better the Z’s! 
<div style="text-align: start;"><img style="float: none; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" alt="Person holding CBD Gummy bears with Melatonin" src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0247/8479/7778/files/12_600x600.jpg?v=1720350645"></div>
Here are our penguin recs for the best sleep ever: 
<ol data-mce-fragment="1">
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-fragment="1" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">
<a href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-gummy-bears?Add+On=CBD+%2B+Melatonin+Gummies&amp;Bundle=Single&amp;Type=No+THC" data-mce-fragment="1" data-mce-href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-gummy-bears?Add+On=CBD+%2B+Melatonin+Gummies&amp;Bundle=Single&amp;Type=No+THC">Penguin CBD Sleep Gummies+ Melatonin</a>: Treat yourself to the sweetest ZZZ’s with these delicious gummy bears, also available in sour worms for a more tart taste.
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-fragment="1" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">
<a href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-oil" data-mce-fragment="1" data-mce-href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-oil">Penguin CBD Oil</a>: Our CBD tincture is the helping hand you need to prep for better relaxation which leads to better sleep. Try it in any delicious flavor and melt into relaxation. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-fragment="1" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">
<a href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-cream" data-mce-fragment="1" data-mce-href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-cream">Penguin CBD Slush Cream with Essential Oils</a>: If you prefer a topical experience to help you relax, try our lavender peppermint hemp cream for a massage that gently guides you into the dream realm.
</li>
</ol>
Think of CBD as a star player in your sleep hygiene practice. Consistent sleep schedules, a comfortable sleep environment, and the avoidance of stimulants before bedtime are all important factors in helping you get the quality sleep you deserve! It might take some time to adapt to a new routine when prepping for sleep and utilizing natural sleep aids, so be patient with yourself as you adjust to your new routine! CBD is a great addition to your overall health and wellness. Reach out if you have any questions or comments to share, we value your feedback!

Struggling to catch those Z's and dreaming of a solid 6-8 hours of shut-eye? Well, you're in the right place! Discover how CBD might just be your ticket to sleeping like a rock.

CBD and Sleep, A Natural Solution to Enhancing REM

In this article, we outline ten completely natural and free ways to manage stress that you can put into practice and begin to feel the positive results immediately.

10 Natural Ways to Manage Stress

Many of us have already heard of <a href="https://penguincbd.com/blog/what-is-cbd">CBD</a>, cannabidiol, hemp extract and so on. If you’ve been following this particular market, you might also have heard about something called CBG. But before you jump on the bandwagon and try it out, it’s important to read up on this substance so you can make an informed decision.
Let’s dig deeper and explore CBG.
<h2>What Is CBG?</h2>
CBG stands for cannabigerol. It is one of the various chemical compounds that are present in the cannabis plant. While CBD is the best-known of the compounds, people have now shifted to looking at the potential advantages of using CBG.
One can look at CBG as being a precursor to the other forms of cannabinoids. CBG-A is the acidic form of this substance. When we break it down, we get CBC, CBG, <a href="https://penguincbd.com/blog/cbd-vs-thc">THC</a> and CBD. 
<h2>Why Is CBG Not Common Yet? </h2>
Some refer to CBG as the “stem cell” or “mother cannabinoid of the plant.” This is because CBG is the first cannabinoid to form when processing the cannabis plant. The cannabigerol acid forms first, with the CBG emerging when the decarboxylation process starts. 
However, the CBG only appears within a very short window. This makes it rarer and more difficult to extract than the more common CBD. What's more, the hemp plant's genetics has only 1 percent CBG, while 20 percent of it is CBD. As the cannabis plant matures, it begins converting CBG to other types of cannabinoids. 
Since they must work harder to get the same amount of CBG, many companies might feel like it’s not worth the time or effort. The process is complicated and intricate, which is why the compound is <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/janellelassalle/2019/09/11/why-cbg-cannabigerol-expensive-produce/#75e86912f771">expensive</a>. 
<h2>The Difference Between CBG and CBD</h2>
The natural question that arises is whether CBG and CBD are different. While both are fairly safe to take, and interact in a similar fashion in the human body, there are some definite differences. These substances are expected to have different functions and results. Therefore, it’s best to understand these before you start using CBG. 
The most significant difference between the two is the amount of research on each substance. One can find a lot of research on CBD, its various effects and several reliable platforms for buying it. We can’t say the same for CBG, though it is becoming quite popular in its own right. 
The product range for CBG items will be quite limited compared to the CBD market. With CBG being a relatively new substance, manufacturers haven’t had the time to make many items with this ingredient.
Many of the top cannabis-related names might also be hesitant about offering CBG until more research is conducted. This is why you can <a href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-cream">buy creams</a>, <a href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-oil">CBD oils</a> and <a href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-gummies">gummies</a> infused with CBD, but CBG is mostly available only in an oil form (for now). 
<h2>How Does CBG Work?</h2>
So, what’s so special about CBG? Well, for starters, it’s not as concentrated as CBD. This makes it preferable for some. To understand this better, let’s look briefly at the endocannabinoid system. 
The endocannabinoid system, or ECS, is a complex network that helps to send signals within our bodies. The ECS has a major influence over the other systems inside us. There are endocannabinoids produced by our own body, but they can only control the CB1 receptor or the CB2 receptor.
CBG works by interacting with the endocannabinoid system. This is similar to the way CBD works, but with a significant difference: CBG takes control of both the CB1 and the CB2 receptors. This means that it's better able to send signals through the body. 
Even with this exciting information, it’s important to remember that we don’t yet know how CBG interacts with our bodies. There’s a lot to learn about the ECS itself, so we can’t definitely say whether the overall effects of CBG will be desirable or not.
<h2>Are There Any Side Effects of CBG?</h2>
When someone makes use of a CBD-infused or CBG product, they’re hoping to get some benefit out of it. While CBG is still a relatively new offering, so far, the research seems to point toward many benefits. 
CBG doesn't have any worrisome side effects as long as you take it in the normal, recommended doses. As with any substance, though, if you overuse it, the side effects might be unpleasant. However, it will probably take a lot of CBG to have a major negative effect. While you should always be careful when measuring out your intake of CBG, there’s no need to worry much if there’s a slight increase at times. 
The research on this substance is limited. That’s why any potential side effects have no reliable basis for now. On the bright side, it seems as though CBG is tolerated quite easily by the average user. It also has a low toxicity level and a lack of worrying side effects. 
<h2>Does CBG Interfere With Anything?</h2>
Again, the current lack of research gives us pause when it comes to using CBG. Many of us are on some sort of medication or undergoing treatment and want to be sure not to take anything that might interfere with them.
We simply don’t know the effects yet, so watching and waiting might be the best idea for the time being. One good way to find whether CBG is safe to take with your current medication is to ask your doctor about it. If there’s even the smallest risk, a knowledgeable physician should be able to tell you. 
There’s also not much research on how CBG may react to any over-the-counter medication you’re taking. These include anything from vitamins and supplements to birth-control pills. If you have to take some of these OTC treatments regularly, it might be best to hold off on the CBG until there’s more information on this substance. 
Staying away from CBG is especially recommended if you take any sort of medication with a grapefruit warning. This is a warning that’s included on medication such as antihistamines, antibiotics, antimicrobials, blood thinners, antiepileptic drugs and immunosuppressants. The list is quite long, so ask your doctor if you're currently taking anything with a grapefruit warning. 
At the moment, we can only assume that CBG will interact with these medications in the same way CBD does. The latter affects how the body metabolizes such medications. Until we know for sure, we need to keep double-checking and be extra careful. 
<h2>How to Choose Your CBG Wisely</h2>
If you’re ready to get your CBG products and start trying them out, make sure you go through the process properly. It can be challenging to find decent, genuine CBG oil, but it’s possible. You’ll have to do a fair bit of legwork to get the high-quality stuff, though.
Here are a few steps to start you off.
<h3>Go for broad-spectrum CBD </h3>
Broad-spectrum CBD should include CBG in its ingredients. At <a href="https://penguincbd.com/">Penguin CBD</a>, we make sure that it's present in our CBD oil formula. In general, it's much easier to find broad-spectrum products than just the CBG options. If you’re a beginner, this could be your first step toward trying CBG. 
If you do decide to go down this road, though, check with your trusted family doctor to make sure it’s safe. Even if you’re not taking any sort of medication now, there might be an underlying condition that won’t mix well with the CBG or CBD. 
<h3>Check the testing</h3>
Whether you’re searching for CBG or CBD products, always conduct a check for third-party testing. You should be able to view the results of such tests fairly easily and conveniently. Reliable companies put the lab results directly on their website or send them to potential customers through email. That way, it will become easier to choose a reputable brand. 
<h3>Read the information online</h3>
Many brands have testimonials from their customers on their official website. However, this really doesn’t say much. Anyone can make their own reviews and testimonials to make it seem like they’ve got hundreds of satisfied customers. 
Besides the official website, you have the whole internet to check for testimonials, feedback, reviews and ratings. If you want to look into it further, consider joining some relevant groups on social media, though you should always treat information on social media with a healthy degree of skepticism. Of course, if you can’t find any information on a company outside of its own website, that should be a red flag. 
<h2>How to Use CBG Oil</h2>
If you’re thinking about adding CBG oil to your routine, it can be useful to consider how it can accommodate your <a href="https://penguincbd.com/blog/cbd-in-your-daily-routine">daily routine</a>. You can integrate the oil in several ways, according to your preference. Some people might also notice more benefits of the CBG oil when it’s applied at a certain time. When you have the bottle in your hand, you can start experimenting. 
See what works for you—after a shower, while winding down in the evening or simply whenever you get a minute to yourself. Whatever you decide, make sure to start slow and increase the use only when you feel ready.
The package should have some recommendations for use; take care not to stray too far from these guidelines. If you’re taking the oil orally, hold the drops in your mouth for some time to ensure the maximum possible absorption. 
<h2>The Future</h2>
There’s no doubt that the cannabis plant is amazing and versatile. Just when you think we’ve extracted all that we possibly could from the stems and leaves, another substance comes along. Granted, we still don't know much about CBG and what it does; however, the future seems bright for this cannabinoid. 
All those facts, processes and precautions regarding CBG might seem a tad overwhelming. However, this is for your own safety, so stay alert and updated! Using CBG might be a great practice. Just stick with the known brands and double-check for authentic reviews. That way, you’ll hopefully get to enjoy your CBG and reap the benefits without any worries.

But before you jump on the CBG bandwagon and try it out, here's what you need to know to make an informed decision.

What Is CBG? Here's Everything You Need to Know

There are plenty of options to choose from when shopping for CBD oils. In fact, it can be easy to get confused by all of the various terms that can be applied to the oil. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of CBD oil: full-spectrum, broad-spectrum and isolates. They may seem similar since they are all CBD oils, but in reality there are some big differences.
The cannabis plant produces over 100 different cannabinoids, but the most prevalent, and the most discussed, are <a href="https://penguincbd.com/blog/how-much-thc-is-in-cbd-oil">CBD and THC</a>. CBD has recently become extremely popular for its potential benefits. The variety and concentration of the cannabinoids in the oils will vary depending on the type of oil you use.
Full-spectrum CBD, as the name suggests, contains the full spectrum of cannabinoids and many plant compounds. This can be a positive thing, but there can be some downsides. 
<h2>How Is Full-Spectrum CBD Oil Made?</h2>
<a href="https://penguincbd.com/blog/full-broad-spectrum-isolate">Full-spectrum CBD oil</a> is made by first harvesting the leaves and flowers of the hemp or cannabis plant. The harvested material is then dried and crushed into a powder. The oils are then extracted using solvents. The two most popular extraction methods used by reputable producers are CO2 extraction and ethanol extraction.
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
CO2 Extraction: This is a process that uses carbon dioxide under high pressure in a cold environment to create a solvent that can extract the CBD and terpenes from the plant. This process is one of the most expensive because it requires a lot of equipment and a longer extraction process, but it will result in a safer product.
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Ethanol Extraction: Some companies may use pharmaceutical-grade ethanol to process the CBD. Ethanol is a high-strength alcohol that removes toxins from the cannabis plant. This method allows for the largest number of cannabinoids to be retained in the process. </li>
</ul>
There are not many regulations dictating how CBD oil can be manufactured, and the different extraction methods produce differing qualities of CBD oil.
<h2>Full-Spectrum Oils Have All the Cannabinoids. What Are Those?</h2>
Cannabinoids are natural phytochemicals found in the cannabis plant. They are formed through decarboxylation. This can be through heat, light or alkaline solutions. There are over 100 different cannabinoids that can be found in full-spectrum CBD oil. Here are some of the most common:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
<a href="https://penguincbd.com/blog/cbd-vs-thc">THC</a> (Tetrahydrocannabinol): THC is the compound found in cannabis plants that makes you feel “high.” FDA regulations say that there can only be a maximum of 0.3 percent THC in commercially sold CBD oil.
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
<a href="https://penguincbd.com/blog/what-is-cbd">CBD</a> (Cannabidiol): CBD is the most common cannabinoid found in the hemp plant. It is nonintoxicating. It used to promote wellness in the body and provide a relaxing and energizing effect.
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">CBG (Cannabigerol): This is the precursor compound to CBD and THC. It is also nonintoxicating, and is broken down in the plant to create other cannabinoids.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">CBC (Cannabichromene): This is a less common cannabinoid that is found in the plant and is similar in structure to CBD.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">CBN (Cannabinol): Another less common cannabinoid that is believed to cause a sedative effect on the body.</li>
</ul>
All of these cannabinoids, and many others, are found in full-spectrum <a href="https://penguincbd.com/products/cbd-oil">CBD oil for sale</a>.
<h2>Is Full-Spectrum CBD Oil Necessary?</h2>
Cannabinoids interact with the human endocannabinoid system (ECS) and each cannabinoid interacts with the ECS differently. The ECS is found in the brain, the nervous system and the immune system. It helps regulate a number of functions in the body.
According <a href="https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x">to some studies</a>, cannabinoids can work in tandem to provide more benefits. Some believe that when they work together the effects become stronger or even work in unique ways. This is often referred to as the “entourage effect.”
The cannabinoids may be able to work together to increase the oil’s ability to improve health and alleviate certain issues. If you want to improve your chances of experiencing the entourage effect, it is recommended that you purchase full-spectrum CBD oils because they contain the needed cannabinoids.
But what about THC? It binds with the ECS receptors and produces the intoxicating “high.” This may cause a variety of side effects, one of which can be paranoia. CBD does not bind with the ECS receptors and has no psychoactive impact. This has the beneficial effect of reducing the THC binding, which alleviates some of the stronger reactions and helps reduce the feelings of paranoia. 
The oils advertised as full- or broad-spectrum can take advantage of the entourage effect, but broad-spectrum oils do not contain THC. So, if you want to avoid THC entirely, stay away from full-spectrum oils. 
<h2>What Are the Different Types of CBD Oil?</h2>
There are three major variations of CBD oil.
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Full-Spectrum Extract: This is an oil that has been extracted from either hemp or marijuana and, as the name suggests, it contains the full spectrum of cannabinoids. These oils contain up to 0.3 percent THC and have gone through the least amount of extraction and filtration.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Broad-Spectrum Extract: This is a CBD oil that bridges the gap between CBD isolates and full-spectrum extracts. It is produced in the same manner as CBD isolates, but it still contains a variety of other cannabinoids. The only cannabinoid not present in a broad-spectrum extract is THC. It is similar to full-spectrum oils but is popular with people who do not want to ingest any THC.
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">CBD Isolates: This is a pure CBD product. This means that it only contains CBD and has no other trace amounts of cannabinoid compounds. This oil is often clear and transparent. It does not take advantage of the entourage effect and many consider it to be less effective.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hempseed Oil: While hempseed oil is not technically a CBD oil, it is made from the same plant and contains fewer cannabinoids than oils marketed as CBD.</li>
</ul>
<h2>What’s the Difference Between CBD Oil and Hemp Oil?</h2>
CBD oil and hemp oil are both sourced from the same plant and are often mistaken for one another. It is important to understand the differences between the two types of oil. Full-spectrum CBD oil can come from the hemp plant but there is a big difference between them.
CBD is found in different locations on the plant, and each location has different concentrations. The leaves and flowers of the hemp plant contain the highest concentrations of CBD and are therefore used to extract CBD oil. Hemp oil is made using the seeds of the hemp plant, which contain very little CBD but do contain other useful substances.
CBD is commonly extracted from the hemp plant by a process called CO2 extraction. This is the use of CO2 as a solvent to separate the plant material from the cannabinoid compounds present in the plant. Hemp oil, on the other hand, is extracted by cold pressing the seeds until they produce the oil.
Hemp oil can be used for many different things. It is often used in beauty products like shampoos and soaps. It can also be used in cooking because it is high in omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids.
Hemp oil and full-spectrum CBD oil are often mistaken for one another, especially if they are mixed in with other beauty products. The lack of FDA regulations means that beauty products do not have to list the concentration of CBD oil in their product. Some may plaster their bottle with information and pictures of cannabis leaves, but instead of a proper CBD oil it may just be hemp oil.
<h2>Is There THC in Full-Spectrum CBD Oil?</h2>
Yes, THC is found in full-spectrum CBD oil.
According to FDA regulations, CBD derived from hemp is legal. The 2018 Farm Bill placed the control of hemp under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture and made it an agricultural commodity. This prevented the DEA from interfering with any interstate commerce and allowed further research to be done on CBD oil.
The production of CBD oil is still under the reach of the FDA. In order for CBD oil to be sold legally, the amount of THC present in the oil must be 0.3 percent or less. 
If the oil is taken according to instructions, this is a negligible amount of THC that will not cause any “high” or intoxication. Federal, state and local laws may differ, so it is important to check your local regulations to make sure that CBD oil is completely legal where you live. Full-spectrum CBD oil will always contain a small amount of THC.
If you want THC in your CBD oil for the “entourage effect,” you have plenty of options. The CBD and THC may be able to work together to increase the oil’s benefits. If you want to improve your chances of experiencing this effect, it is recommended that you purchase full-spectrum CBD oils because they contain the needed cannabinoids.
A major concern about using full-spectrum CBD oil is the effect that it could have on a drug test. There is always a chance that using CBD or hemp oil could cause you to <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6385314/">fail a drug test</a>. If you want to experience the “entourage effect” without THC, you should look at broad-spectrum CBD oils. They contain the same cannabinoids, terpenes and other plant compounds found in full-spectrum CBD oil, but do not contain THC.
<h2>What Are Terpenes?</h2>
Full- and broad-spectrum CBD oils contain terpenes, the natural compounds that are responsible for the taste, odor and color of every plant on earth. Terpenes are responsible for how a <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Geraniol">rose smells</a> and how an orange tastes.
For the more science-minded, terpenes are aromatic metabolites found in the natural oils of plants. There are over 200,000 naturally occurring terpenes, and over 100 of them are found in the cannabis plant.
The production of different types of terpenes is determined by a variety of environmental factors. These can include temperature, humidity and the availability of light. According to <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4948289/">some studies</a>, some of the terpenes that are produced can have an effect on the ECS and could contribute to the entourage effect.
Here are some of the most common terpenes found in CBD oils:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Limonene: This terpene is commonly found in the peel of citrus plants and is a major factor in their fragrance. Limonene is often used as a food flavoring and in skincare products.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Myrcene: This is the most common terpene in the cannabis plant. It is also found in lemongrass, thyme and mangos. It contributes to the smell of recreational cannabis.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Humulene: This terpene is found in the hops we use to make beer and herbs like sage and ginseng. Humulene gives these plants their signature aromatic smells.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Linalool: This terpene occurs naturally in many essential oils like rose, lemon and spearmint. It is often used as a fragrance or for food flavoring.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Final Thoughts on Full-Spectrum Oil</h2>
There are many different factors that could influence the type of oil that is right for you. If you are looking for pure CBD, the isolate is the way to go. If you want the full effect of the hemp plant—the entourage effect—full-spectrum oils are the way to go.
If you are concerned about THC and passing a drug test but you still want to experience the entourage effect, broad-spectrum CBD oils are the best choice. At <a href="https://penguincbd.com/">Penguin CBD</a>, we use a broad-spectrum extract for our oil.
Full-spectrum oils have the highest number of plant compounds available and the least amount of human intervention in their production There is no right answer; the choice is yours.

You may have seen "full-spectrum" used by brands to advertise their CBD products. Here we explain what exactly that term means.

What Is Full-Spectrum CBD Oil?

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) can make it easier to live well. This is because one of the main functions of the ECS is to help your body maintain homeostasis, the internal “steady state” or balance of body systems. The role of the ECS in humans has been described as “<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4301686/">eat, sleep, relax, forget and protect</a>.” 
The endocannabinoid system is a complicated biological system that uses neurotransmitters (chemical messenger systems for communication between the brain and other parts of the nervous system), specialized receptors for those neurotransmitters and groups of enzymes to help control the levels of the neurotransmitters in the body. It turns out to be one of the most important systems in maintaining human health.
But what is homeostasis? The word comes from two Greek words meaning “same” and “steady”— homeostasis is the processes the body uses to maintain balance, equilibrium and a “steady state.” A reasonable analogy is the common playground seesaw— the body’s seesaw wants to remain balanced and will “add” or “subtract” from one end or the other to maintain that balance.
Homeostasis is complex, partly because there are so many physiological systems competing for the same factors to “add” or “subtract,” partly because many of these need to co-exist, and partly because there are so many environmental stressors in various systems—and the system needs to be quickly and accurately responsive to these stressors. 
Think of the “fight or flight” response, which is part of the overall system to maintain homeostasis. If that was not properly controlled, you might be constantly in “fight” mode or constantly in “flight” mode!
The ECS was discovered by scientists studying the effects of the cannabis plant. There may be some distant evolutionary relationship, but the ECS functions with or without plant cannabinoids. Still eager to learn more? Let's dive right in with our <a href="https://penguincbd.com/">Penguin CBD</a> guide to the ECS:
<h2>The ABCs of the ECS</h2>
The Cannabis plant likely evolved to produce the cannabinoids to regulate plant defense mechanisms and normal plant physiology. We used to think that Cannabis was the only plant to produce cannabinoids. However, we now know that other plants produce cannabinoid-like substances—technically known as <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30877436/">cannabimimetics</a>. These include echinacea, kava kava, flaxseed and the cacao (chocolate) plant. 
The discovery of the cannabinoids helped us discover an important part of our physiology: the system known as the ECS. Here is a brief history: 
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">In 1964, an Israeli scientist, Raphael Mechoulam, isolated and identified THC.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">In 1988, two American scientists, Allyn Howlett and William Devane, found receptors for cannabinoids in the rat brain. To their surprise, the rat brain was found to have more cannabinoid receptors than any other kind of receptor. That first receptor discovered was named CB1.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">In the early 1990s, a second receptor was discovered, and named CB2.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Since then, several other receptors that bind cannabinoids have been described, but their relationship to CB1 and CB2 is not clear; nor is it clear that their primary role is to bind endocannabinoids.</li>
</ul>
Humans don’t make cannabinoids. Instead, our cannabinoid receptors bind mainly to two different substances—anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA)) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG). AEA and 2AG bind to the CB receptors and help regulate a wide variety of physical and biochemical functions, all regulated by homeostatic mechanisms and processes. Chemically and functionally, the endocannabinoids are significantly different from the phytocannabinoids (plant cannabinoids).
<h2>CB1 and CB2 Receptors</h2>
Think of receptors as a lock, and of the endocannabinoids AEA and 2AG as the keys that fit into the lock. Endocannabinoids are “made” for the locks (receptors). Other substances that may bind to these receptors just happen to fit the locks or almost fit the locks. 
CB1 receptors are found primarily in the central nervous system—the brain and spinal cord—but are also found throughout the body. CB1 receptors are involved in maintaining homeostasis in the musculoskeletal system, with the cognitive functions of the brain, with the perception and interpretation of internal and external stimuli, and with internal defense mechanisms.
CB2 receptors are found mostly outside the brain and are also concerned with maintaining homeostasis in nearly every system of the body. CB2 receptors are also found in the brain and spinal cord—just not as many. CB2 receptors, in general, are more involved with perception and interpretation of stimuli, and maintaining systemic (whole body) homeostasis. 
<h2>The Endocannabinoids</h2>
There are two main endocannabinoids—AEA and 2-AG, though more are known and even more are likely to be described in the future. These endocannabinoids are natural substances, derived from fatty acids like the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. 
They bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors, which then produce a chain of biochemical events that result in specific effects, depending on the body system impacted. The endocannabinoids are then degraded at varying rates by enzymes. This is the way the body can regulate the levels of endocannabinoids available. The two main enzymes that degrade the two main endocannabinoids are:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which breaks down AEA</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Monoacylglycerol acid lipase (MAG lipase), which breaks down 2AG</li>
</ul>
Let’s go into a few more details about AEA and 2AG.
<h3>Anandamide or AEA</h3>
Anandamide is sometimes called the “bliss molecule.” It comes from the Sanskrit word “ananda,” which means internal bliss. It is derived from an omega-6 essential fatty acid, arachidonic acid. It mainly binds to CB1 receptors, with weaker binding to CB2 receptors. 
Any sort of external or internal stress tends to increase the levels of AEA in the body. In fact, one reason why chocolate is a comfort food to so many is that it naturally contains AEA! 
<h3>2-Arachidonoylglycerol or 2-AG</h3>
2-arachidonoylglycerol or <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782717300619">2-AG</a> is the second most common endocannabinoid—it appears to be associated with “down-regulating” the effects of external stimuli. It is also involved with emotional expression and energy balance. It binds better to CB1 receptors than to CB2 receptors, but is also reported to bind to several other types of receptors. 
<h2>Interactions of Cannabinoids and the ECS</h2>
Why the focus on the ECS, AEA and 2AG enzymes, and the CB1 and CB2 receptors? The point is that the ECS is an important regulatory system for maintaining physical, emotional and mental health. When we begin to see how the ECS functions, that may provide us with valuable clues to see how other substances may be used to support the homeostatic functions of the ECS.
<h2>Can You “Boost” the ECS?</h2>
Can you boost or support your own personal ECS? 
Yes, you can. Here’s how:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Diet. If you eat well, your diet should provide all the vitamins, minerals and nutrients you need to be healthy and strong. If you don’t give your body all it needs, you could be in trouble. The ECS uses both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to build AEA, 2-AG and the CB receptors. Since omega-6 fatty acids are easy to find in foods, supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acids can improve the availability of these components of the ECS.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Make certain lifestyle choices. Avoiding alcohol can improve the state of the ECS because high alcohol consumption has been shown to <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3327810/">reduce</a> the levels of CB receptors and can increase the risk of addiction. <a href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt426788xv/qt426788xv.pdf">Exercise</a> is a stress-management tool and can naturally increase the levels of your endocannabinoids.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency—Can It Explain Some Medical Conditions?</h2>
As a general rule of thumb, if a biological system exists, there can be some deficit or deficiency in that system. Alternatively, conditions are likely to be found where that system is overactive. This is one of the areas where homeostasis can be important in balancing both under- and overactivity of a system.
The same is true for the ECS. 
There are four basic ways a problem in the ECS can result in a deficiency:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A defect in the number or function of the receptors</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Degradation of endocannabinoids is too rapid, so the endocannabinoids do not bind effectively to the receptors</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A defect in the production of endocannabinoids</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A combination of any of the above</li>
</ul>
<h2>How Do Cannabinoids Affect the ECS?</h2>
Cannabinoids can bind directly to the cannabinoid receptors—we know this because it is how the endocannabinoids were discovered. 
The details of binding to various receptors are currently under study around the world. The binding can be compared to a “lock and key” system, but the lock and key analogy only goes so far. Receptors are molecules in three dimensions. Ligands, like AEA, 2-AG and other substances, may fit right into “pockets” made by the receptor. 
Another group of substances may bind to other areas on the receptor and change the shape of the pockets. In that way, they change how the natural endocannabinoids interact on the receptors, which in turn change the effects of AEA, 2-AG and THC.
Another complicating factor is that substances can also work indirectly by slowing down the enzymes needed to break down AEA and 2AG. In effect, this leaves you with higher levels of both endocannabinoids. That may mean that the effects of the endocannabinoids last longer than they would under other conditions.
An increasing number of <a href="https://www.academia.edu/download/50091355/The_pharmacological_actions_of_cannabidi20161103-6053-adp5zx.pdf">studies</a> have reported a variety of effects for cannabinoids as a general class of phytochemicals. 
There is still plenty to learn about the ECS—and plenty to learn about the potential effects of a variety of substances that can affect the ECS.

Everybody has an endocannabinoid system in their body. So, what exactly is it? We explain everything you need to know.

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